Limbic Encephalitis is  an inflammatory disease of limbic system, in which  a triad of symptoms occurs: recent memory impairment, affective disorders and temporal lobe seizures. It may manifest as paraneoplastic syndrome (PLE),  may be caused by autoimmune process or viral infection.

Most of documented cases of limbic encephalitis were reported in adults and  most of available information concerns PLE. Data of the occurrence of this disease in children is less available, its course is diverse and prognosis difficult.

We are reporting a case of a 10-years old boy with progressive encephalopathy, classified as limbic encephalitis.  He presented increasingly affective disorders, recent memory impairment and complex focal seizures. Those symptoms were followed by dysfagia and speech disturbances. Empiric therapy with Acyclovir and Ceftriaxone did not led to improvement. Screening to exclude neoplasm was carried out. After immunosupressive therapy  ( intravenous immunoglobulins and sterydotherapy) noticeable improvement was observed. The patient was discharged in a good general condition, seizure-free, with circadian rhythm disorders, bradycardia and memory disorders. He required pedagogical care and further antiepilepthic treatment.

We would like to show diagnostic difficulties of this disease as a result of  limited  knowledge about limbic encephalitis in children and also non-homogenous process. The described patient was initially being diagnosed for a month by a psychiatrists because no pathology in neurologic examination at that time was found and MRI findings have not shown any changes characteristic for LE.