Objective: In previous research, studies that examine the effects of genes on academic-related negative emotions are largely lacking. The present study sought to examine the moderating effects of the promoter of the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) gene polymorphism on the relationship between students' academic performance and their academic-related boredom.

Method: In a sample of 420 Chinese high school students, we collected data about their academic-related boredom and academic performance. In addition, students’ DNA was extracted from cheek cells. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the DNA fragment.

Results: The results indicated that students with the genotype of the 16/16 repeat in their 5-HTTLPR gene were more likely to be influenced by academic performance on their academic-related boredom.

Conclusion: Our findings suggested that the functional polymorphism of the 5-HTTLPR gene moderated the relationship between academic performance and academic-related boredom.