Introduction: Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure with highest incidence in the first decade of life. Parental beliefs and treatment given, significantly impact adjustment and quality of life of the child. In Nigeria, beliefs on the causes of epilepsy among caregivers, is currently unscientific. Treatment modalities are mainly unorthodox with stigmatization being a major problem. It is more difficult to overcome problems related to the social stigma of epilepsy than the disease condition. Lack of information and inappropriate beliefs contribute to stigma, discrimination, poor self image and access to healthcare. Aim: To elicit beliefs on causes that caregivers of children with epilepsy have about the disease and treatment modalities given. Materials: This is a prospective study from 1^st October 2012 to 31^st September 2013 in the Neurology clinic of UPTH. 211 caregivers of children with epilepsy were recruited. They were allowed to express themselves on beliefs on causes and treatment options. Results: All participants had some knowledge prior clinic visits. Common etiological responses were: witchcraft 137 (64.93%), evil spirit 111(52.61%), inheritance 98(46.45%), demons 87 (41.23%), head injury 77(36.49%), insanity 61 (28.91%) and unknown 44(20.85%). Treatment modalities given included: instilling onion juice 203 (96.21%), crude oil into the eyes198 (93.84%), cow urine to drink 88(41.71%), application of hot spices on the body of a convulsing child 137(64.9%), orthodox medication 48(22.75%) and unknown 8(3.79%).Conclusions: To reduce morbidity and mortality of children with epilepsy in Nigeria requires educating caregivers with updated evidence- based information.