Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the clinical presentations, diagnostic findings and prognosis of pediatric patients with the broad definition of “encephalitis”, that is inflammation of brain, in a single Korean tertiary center. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed medical records of patients who had been diagnosed with encephalitis from January 2000 to July 2013 at the Asan Medical Center Children’s Hospital. We classified encephalitis in three categories of etiology which are infectious, para-infectious and primary inflammatory. The initial presentation, radiological and electroencephalographic findings, treatments and outcomes were reviewed. Results: During the 13-year study period, we found 200 pediatric cases of encephalitis. 131 (65.5%), 48 (24.0%), and 21 (10.5%) cases were classified as infectious, para-infectious and primary inflammatory encephalitis, respectively. Most of cases presented with fever (n=125), altered mentality (n=101), seizures (n=105) and motor dysfunction (n=39). With diagnostic evaluations including CSF study, MRI and EEG, 183 cases (91.5%) had specific diagnosis and got definitive treatment. Specific pathogens were proved in only 32 (24.4%) patients from 131 infectious encephalitis. 126 (63.0%) cases recovered without sequela, 51 (25.5%) cases with sequelae and 8 (4.0%) cases were expired. Expired cases included 6 with infectious encephalitis, 1 with ADEM and the other with reye syndrome. Conclusion: Most of pediatric encephalitis patient came with altered mentality and febrile illness and infectious encephalitis gets a great part among them. But many cases need additional effort to find specific etiologies of encephalitis. Considering the high mortality and morbidity of the pediatric encephalitis, prompt evaluations and appropriate treatment should be implemented.