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AED Reference Ranges
| Drug | Metabolite | Units | Ref. range | Ref. range metabolite |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetazolamide | mg/L | 02-Dec | ||
| Carbamazepine | Carbamazepine 10-11 epoxide | mg/L | 1.5-9 | |
| Carbamazepine (free) | mg/L | 0.5-3 | ||
| Clobazam | Desmethylclobazam | mcg/L | <200 | <200 |
| Clonazepam | mcg/L | 25-85 | ||
| Desmethylmethsuximide | mg/L | Oct-40 | ||
| Diazepam | Nordiazepam | mg/L | <1.0 | <1.5 |
| Ethosuximide | mg/L | 40-80 | ||
| Felbamate | mg/L | 20-60 | ||
| Gabapentin | mg/L | Feb-20 | ||
| Oxcarbazepine | 10-hydroxy Carbamazepine | mg/L | 15-35 | |
| Lamotrigine | mg/L | Jan-15 | ||
| Levetiracetam | mg/L | Jun-20 | ||
| Nitrazepam | mcg/L | 50-150 | ||
| Phenobarbital | mg/L | May-30 | ||
| Phenytoin | mg/L | Jul-20 | ||
| Phenytoin (free) | mg/L | 0.7-2 | ||
| Pregabalin | mg/L | * | ||
| Primidone | Phenobarbital | mg/L | <13 | 15-30 |
| Stiripentol | mg/L | * | ||
| Sulthiame | mg/L | 02-Dec | ||
| Tiagabine | mcg/L | 20-100 | ||
| Topiramate | mg/L | May-20 | ||
| Valproate | mg/L | 50-100 | ||
| Valproate (free) | mg/l | 04-Nov | ||
| Vigabatrin | mg/L | May-35 | ||
| Zonisamide | mg/L | 15-4- |
Source: Dr David Berry, Guys Hospital, London adapted from Epilepsy. Oxford Specialist Handbooks in Neurology 2009
