Diagnosing MOGAD in pediatric patients. Updated diagnostic criteria from an International Panel.

ICNC2024
Symposia: What Is New In Pediatric CNS Demyelination?

Diagnosing MOGAD in pediatric patients. Updated diagnostic criteria from an International Panel.
Silvia Tenembaum

An international panel of experts has recently proposed diagnostic criteria for MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) in which the presence of MOG-IgG is a core criterion. According to these criteria, MOGAD is typically associated with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, optic neuritis, or transverse myelitis, and unlike multiple sclerosis and AQP4-IgG-seropositive NMOSD, in which multiple clinical attacks characterize relapsing forms of disease, individuals with MOGAD can have either a monophasic or relapsing course. Optic neuritis is by far the most common onset feature, particularly among adults, while ADEM with or without concomitant optic nerve involvement is the typical first manifestation in children, particularly before the age of 11 years. Transverse myelitis is another common presentation. Less common presentations include cerebral cortical encephalitis (often with seizures), brainstem and cerebellar demyelinating attacks, tumefactive brain lesions, cerebral monofocal, and polyfocal CNS deficits associated with demyelinating lesions, cranial neuropathies, and progressive white matter damage (leukodystrophy-like pattern). Histopathological features of MOGAD differ from those of multiple sclerosis or NMOSD, as do its imaging features, treatment responses, and clinical outcomes. We aim to introduce and discuss the main clinical and neuroimaging presenting phenotypes of MOGAD.

Other Lectures in this symposium
Key MRI diagnostic features of MS, MOGAD and NMOSD
How could we optimize the management of children with CNS demyelinating disorders in different resource settings?
Progress in Pediatric MS Treatment: Real World Evidence with High-impact therapies